ऐतिहासिक टाइमलाइन
उन्नीस घटनाएँ जिन्होंने कनाडा को आकार दिया।
प्रथम जनों के आगमन से लेकर संविधान-पुनरुद्धार तक — नागरिकता परीक्षा के लिए ज़रूरी क्षणों की कालक्रमिक यात्रा।
- c. 15,000-10,000 BC
First Peoples Arrive
The first people arrive in North America from Asia via a land bridge. Their descendants, Indigenous Peoples, live across all of Canada.
- c. 1000 AD
Vikings in Newfoundland
Norse explorers from Iceland, led by Leif Erikson, are the first Europeans to reach North America. They settle briefly at L'Anse aux Meadows in Newfoundland.
- 1497
John Cabot Reaches Canada
Italian explorer John Cabot, sailing for England, is the first to map Canada's Atlantic shore, claiming the land for King Henry VII.
- 1534-1542
Jacques Cartier's Voyages
French explorer Jacques Cartier makes three voyages to Canada, claiming the land for the King of France. He hears the Iroquoian word "kanata" (village), the source of the country's name.
- 1608
Founding of Quebec City
Samuel de Champlain establishes a French settlement at what is now Quebec City, the first permanent European settlement in Canada.
- 1670
Hudson's Bay Company
King Charles II of England grants the Hudson's Bay Company exclusive trading rights over the watershed draining into Hudson Bay, a vast territory named Rupert's Land.
- 1759
Battle of the Plains of Abraham
The British, under General James Wolfe, defeat the French, under the Marquis de Montcalm, in a pivotal battle at Quebec City, leading to British control of North America.
- 1763
Royal Proclamation
Following the defeat of the French, King George III issues the Royal Proclamation, which establishes the basis for negotiating treaties with Indigenous peoples.
- 1774
The Quebec Act
To better govern the French Roman Catholic majority, the British Parliament passes the Quebec Act, which restores French civil law and allows religious freedom for Catholics.
- 1776
Loyalist Migration Begins
After the American Revolution begins, more than 40,000 people loyal to the Crown, known as "Loyalists," flee to Canada.
- 1812-1814
The War of 1812
The United States invades Canada. The war is crucial in shaping Canada's sense of identity, as British, English-Canadian, French-Canadian, and First Nations forces work together to repel the American invasion.
- 1840
Act of Union
Following Lord Durham's report on the rebellions of 1837-38, Upper and Lower Canada are united into the Province of Canada.
- 1849
Responsible Government
The governor of United Canada, Lord Elgin, introduces responsible government, a system where the government must be supported by a majority of elected representatives to govern. This is the system we have today.
- 1867
Confederation
On July 1, the British North America Act creates the Dominion of Canada with four provinces: Ontario, Quebec, New Brunswick, and Nova Scotia. Sir John A. Macdonald becomes the first Prime Minister.
- 1885
Last Spike of the CPR
The Canadian Pacific Railway is completed. The driving of the last spike at Craigellachie, B.C., fulfills a promise to British Columbia and links Canada from sea to sea by rail.
- 1917
Battle of Vimy Ridge
During World War I, the Canadian Corps captures Vimy Ridge in France. This victory is a symbol of Canadian national achievement and sacrifice, and is often seen as a "coming of age" for the nation.
- 1918
Women's Right to Vote
After years of campaigning by suffragettes like Dr. Emily Stowe, most Canadian female citizens aged 21 and over are granted the right to vote in federal elections.
- 1944
D-Day (Juno Beach)
On June 6, 15,000 Canadian troops storm and capture Juno Beach as part of the D-Day landings in Normandy, France, during World War II.
- 1982
Constitution and Charter
The Constitution of Canada is amended to allow Canada to change its own constitution without approval from Britain. The Canadian Charter of Rights and Freedoms is entrenched in the Constitution.
